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Step 1 – Check that you qualify

To become an Irish citizen through naturalisation, you must meet the conditions that are set out in the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956 as amended (pdf). These are:

Age

You must be 18 years or older.

You can apply on behalf of a child if:

• The child was born in Ireland after 1 January 2005 and did not qualify for citizenship by birth – use Form 11 (pdf)
• The child is of Irish descent or Irish associations – use Form 10 (pdf)
• The parent of the child is a citizen by naturalisation – use Form 9 (pdf)

Character

You must be ‘of good character’. There is no exhaustive legal definition of what ‘good character’ means.

The Garda Síochána (Ireland’s national police) provides a report about your background. As part of this, the Minister receives information about:

• Your criminal record
• Driving offences you may have committed
• Ongoing investigations against you
• Pending criminal cases (that haven’t been heard in court yet)
• Cautions or other warnings you have received from the Gardaí
• Certain civil cases (for example, if you were subject to a barring order)

You are asked on the application form to declare any of the above and you are given the opportunity to explain the circumstances that led to the Garda or court action. You may also be contacted by the Citizenship division at a later stage for further information about your history in the State.

Residence in the State

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You must have lived in the State for a certain length of time. The specific requirements are that you:

• Have a period of 365 days* (1 year) continuous reckonable residence in the State immediately before the date of your application for naturalisation and
• During the 8 years before that, have had a total reckonable residence in the State of 1,460 days* (4 years)

You can leave Ireland for up to 6 weeks (in total) per year and still be considered resident in that year. If you leave for more than 6 weeks in one year, you should not count this period when you are calculating your reckonable residence. If you had to leave Ireland for longer than 6 weeks because of an emergency, you should explain this in your application.

If you spend more than 6 weeks outside of Ireland in the year immediately before your application, you may have to wait until the following year to make an application.

Altogether you must have 5 years (5 x 365 days*) reckonable residence out of the last 9 years. *You must add 1 day for any period which includes 29 February (a leap year).

Some categories of applicant can apply after 3 years residence (see ‘The Minister’s power to waive conditions’ below).

Calculating reckonable residence

Reckonable residence means residence in Ireland that counts towards becoming eligible to apply for naturalisation. If your application is based on your marriage or civil partnership with an Irish citizen, you can count legal residence in Northern Ireland too.

If you are from outside the EEA, the UK and Switzerland, certain periods of residence are counted towards the reckonable residence you need to qualify for naturalisation. Some examples of periods that are counted for reckonable residence include:

• Time spent in Ireland on an employment permit (usually with a Stamp 1 Irish Residence Permit)
• Time spent on a Stamp 4
• Time spent as the dependent of an employment permit or other legal resident (usually with Stamp 3)
• Time spent as the spouse or partner of a Critical Skills Employment Permit holder or on the Third Level Graduate Scheme (with Stamp 1G)
• Time spent on a Stamp 5 (Without Condition as to Time)

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Periods of residence that are not reckonable include:

• Time spent on a student visa (usually with a Stamp 2 or Stamp 2A IRP) unless you are making an application as a ‘young adult’ (see below)
• Time spent in Ireland while you were undocumented
• Time spent while you were an international protection applicant

You can use the online residency calculator on the Immigration Service Delivery website to check if you meet the naturalisation residency conditions. You must send a printout from the calculator with your application (along with other proofs of residence) unless you are a UK, Swiss or EEA citizen, or have refugee status in Ireland.

Registration with immigration is usually the evidence of legal residence which meets the residency requirements for naturalisation. You can count the time when your immigration permission was automatically extended during COVID-19 as reckonable if you had reckonable residence immediately before the first extension. For example, if you had a Stamp 4 in March 2020, your Stamp 4 permission was automatically extended until 31 May 2022. This period counts as reckonable residence. You must also prove that you were actually resident in Ireland during this time (see ‘scorecard system’ in the section ‘Gather your documents’ below).

Young adults

You can use your parent’s reckonable residence if you are a young adult and do not have the required reckonable residence yourself.

You are a young adult if:

• You are aged between 18 and 23 when you make your application
• You entered Ireland legally with your family
• You are in school or you went straight from school to third level college in Ireland
• You are dependent on your parents

EEA, UK and Swiss nationals

If you are a citizen of an EEA country, Switzerland or the UK, you do not have to enclose a ‘reckonable residence’ calculation with your application. You have to show your residence by enclosing documentary evidence of your history in Ireland. The application form has a list of documents that are suitable for this purpose.

The EEA includes the EU and Norway, Iceland and Lichtenstein.

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If you are a citizen of the EEA, Switzerland or the UK, you do not have to register for an Irish Residence Permit. All periods of residence in Ireland are counted towards naturalisation. You do not have to include a printout from the reckonable residence calculator with your application.

The Minster’s power to waive conditions

The Minister for Justice has the power to waive one or more of the conditions for naturalisation in the following circumstances:

• If you are of Irish descent or of Irish associations
• If you are a parent or guardian applying on behalf of a minor child of Irish descent or Irish associations
• If you are a naturalised parent applying on behalf of a minor child
• If you are the spouse or civil partner of an Irish citizen or a naturalised person
• If you have been resident abroad in the public service
• If you are recognised as a refugee (under the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees) or a stateless person (under the 1954 UN Convention regarding Stateless Persons).

For spouses and civil partners of Irish citizens, you can apply for naturalisation after 3 years of marriage or civil partnership and 3 years of reckonable residence on the island of Ireland.

For children of adults who have received citizenship by naturalisation, the child must generally have lived in Ireland for 3 years.

A person granted refugee status can apply for citizenship through naturalisation once they have 3 years of residency. Residency is calculated from the date of arrival in the State. Note: This does not apply to people who have subsidiary protection status.

Future intentions

You must intend in good faith to continue to reside in the State after naturalisation. If your application is successful and you move away from Ireland you should complete Form 5 (pdf), which states your intention to keep your Irish citizenship while you are temporarily living aboard.

If your application is approved, you must make a declaration of fidelity to the nation and loyalty to the State. You must also swear that you will observe the laws of Ireland and respect its democratic values. These declarations are usually made at a citizenship ceremony.

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